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参考译文
父母如何提供帮助?
父母可以做很多事确保自己的孩子能够安全进入成人期。即使一份工作的起薪低得似乎很难满足一个即将成人的孩子的快速自我满足的需求，如果这个准成人准备好了的话，从学校向职场的转变可以少些困顿。这里有几种方法，选自我的书《不管是否准备好，生活已经开始》，父母可以借鉴它们来预防我称为“工作未准备好”的情况。
帮助孩子了解自己
当孩子们11或12岁的时候，你就可以开始这个过程。周期性地和他们一起评论他们显现出的优点和缺点，一起克服任何缺点，诸如在交流和合作方面遇到的困难。此外，还要发现他们一直以来的兴趣所在，这是因为它们会提供将来什么职业适合他们的线索。
定期谈论关于未来的话题
孩子们需要一系列真实的行为榜样，这与他们小圈子里的成员、流行歌星及自负的运动不同。定期在晚餐桌前谈论家庭成员认识的人，他们是如何达成自己的理想的。讨论你自己职业中的快乐和不利方面，鼓励你的孩子就他们自己的前途有些想法。当问到他们想做什么的时候，应该阻止他们说“我没想法”他们可以200次改变自己的想法，但是对于前途看法模糊可不怎么好。
增强孩子的工作技能
教师负责教孩子如何学习，家长应该教孩子如何工作。给孩子分配家务，确保作业按时完成。鼓励十几岁的孩子做兼职工作。孩子们需要足够的练习才能够延迟自己的满足感，施展有效的组织才能，例如管理时间，设定优先考虑的事情等。
限制活动时间
玩电子游戏会让人们感到即时的满足。几个小时看带有录音的笑声的电视剧只会让孩子们消极地处理信息。同时，经过耳机长时间地听同一单调的节奏会让孩子们沉浸在自己的幻想中而不是努力追求其他的东西。这些活动会妨碍重要的沟通和思考能力的发展，孩子在未来大多数工作都需要的持续的注意力方在的发展很困难。
帮助孩子培养解决问题的能力
他们应该知道如何应对困境、压力及感觉能力不足的情况。他们应该学会如何解决问题和冲突，学习进行头脑风暴的方法，批判性地思考问题。家庭里讨论能够帮助孩子练习这些能力，帮助他们将这些技能应用到日常生活的不同情况。
那些已长大成人但是看起来的苦苦挣扎，漫无目的地在刚刚成人时游荡的那些儿女们该如何呢?家长们还扮演一个重要的角色，但现在这个角色更棘手些。他们必须小心，不让自己对孩子失望。他们应该表现出对自己还缺乏经验的孩子看起来还很天真或考虑不周所感兴趣的东西的强烈兴趣和尊敬，在探索他们未来的选择方面成为孩子们的伙伴。重要的是，这些刚刚长大的孩子必须要感觉到他们受尊敬，得到一个欣赏他们的家庭的支持。
Part C
Directions：
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(1 0 points)
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.However，only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.(46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily，the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education，its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.On the one hand，it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice，democracy and freedom.(47)On the other.it 1inks these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the inks journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example，notions of evidence and fact，of basic fights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.
(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state，is a major subject for journalists.The better informed they are about the way the state works，the better their reporting will be.(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore，the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
ANSWERS
46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
翻译步骤分析
[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句，识别动词和代词含义
legal learning 学习法律
viewed…as… “把…视为…”
intellectually equipment 知识才能
[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句，断句
1、，and原则(用来区分并列句，句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)
Traditionally
, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers
, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
这个句子结构十分清晰，这是一个简单句。Traditionally是状语，用来修饰整个语句。legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers是主句。短语rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.用来补充说明前文语句。
[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译，准确排序
Traditionally传统上
, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers，这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的特权
, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.，而不是一个受过教育的人常备的知识才能。
[参考译文] 传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的特权，而不是一个受过教育的人常备的知识才能。
47) On the other, it 1inks these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the inks journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
翻译步骤分析
[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句，识别动词和代词含义
1inks…to “把…联系起来”
is parallel to “和…一样”
cover “覆盖”引申为“报道”
comment on “评论”
it 遵循代词的指代原则，it指代“法律”
[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句，断句
1、，and原则(用来区分并列句，句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)
On the other
, it 1inks these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the inks journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
2、which/that原则(用来区分主句和从句，句子中的which, that, because, while, when等标志词区分主句和从句)
On the other
, it 1inks these concepts to everyday realities in a manner
which is parallel to the inks journalists forge on a daily basis
as they cover and comment on the news.
这个句子结构比较复杂，这是一个复合句。On the other作为状语，补充说明整个句子。it 1inks these concepts to everyday realities in a manner 是主句。定语从句which is parallel to the inks journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.用来修饰名词“manner”。从句as they cover and comment on the news是时间状语从句。
[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译，准确排序
On the other另一方面
, it 1inks these concepts to everyday realities in a manner法律把这些概念和日常实践联系在一起。
which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis如同会与生活建立起联系那样，
as they cover and comment on the news.，记者每天在报道和评论新闻时
[参考译文] 另一方面，如同记者每天在报道和评论新闻时会与生活建立起联系那样，法律把公正、民主和自由这些概念和日常实践联系在一起。
48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
翻译步骤分析
[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句，识别动词和代词含义
understand “理解”
rests on “基于”
the established conventions “既定惯例”
[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句，断句
1、，and原则(用来区分并列句，句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)
But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
2、which/that原则(用来区分主句和从句，句子中的which, that, because, while, when等标志词区分主句和从句)
But the idea rests on all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen
这个句子结构比较清晰，这是一个复合句。But the idea rests on all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media是主句。同位语从句that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen用来补充说明“idea”的内容。
[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译，准确排序
But the idea rests on all understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.但是，这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解。
that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律，
[参考译文] 但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律，这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解。
49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
翻译步骤分析
[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句，识别动词和代词含义
have a clear grasp of “清楚把握”
[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句，断句
1、，and原则(用来区分并列句，句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)
In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
2、which/that原则(用来区分主句和从句，句子中的which, that, because, while, when等标志词区分主句和从句)
In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists can do a competent job on political stories.
who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution
这个句子结构比较清晰，这是一个特殊句型，“It is difficult to…”。句子中In fact做状语。主句为it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.在该句子中how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.整个从句作为动词“see”的宾语，同时who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution是定语从句，用来修饰“journalists”。
[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译，准确排序
In fact事实上，
, it is difficult to see how journalists can do a competent job on political stories. 我们很难想象，的记者如何能胜任政治方面的报道。
who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚把握
[参考译文] 事实上，我们很难想象，对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚把握的记者如何能胜任政治方面的报道。
50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
翻译步骤分析
[词义推敲] 步骤一、浏览语句，识别动词和代词含义
enhance“提高”引申为“增加…的深度”
rely on “依靠”
make their own judgments “做出自己的判断”
[结构分析] 步骤二、浏览语句，断句
1、and原则(用来区分并列句，句子中的and, or等并列连词要首先区分)
While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories
, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance
and make their own judgments.
这个句子结构比较清晰，这是一个复合句。While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories与it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.构成让步关系。
[翻译润色] 步骤三、单句翻译，准确排序
While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories尽管律师提供的评论和反馈可能会增加报道的深度
, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance ，但记者好还是依靠自己的理解，
and make their own judgments. 并做出自己的判断。
[参考译文] 尽管律师提供的评论和反馈可能会增加报道的深度，但记者好还是依靠自己的理解，并做出自己的判断。
参考译文
几个世纪以来，欧洲的大学一直认为法学是一门基本学科。然而，直到最近几年，法学才成为加拿大大学本科专业的一个重要科目。传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的特权，而不是一个受过教育的人常备的知识才能。可喜的是，加拿大的许多大学正在树立更传统、更具欧洲大陆特色的法律教育观点，有些大学甚至已经开始授予法学学士学位。
如果法学正在开始成为普通教育的重要组成部分，那么它的目标和方法应该会立刻吸引新闻学教育者。法律是一门鼓励负责任的判断的学科。一方面，它为分析像正义、民主和自由这样的概念提供机会。另一方面，如同记者每天在报道和评论新闻时会与生活建立起联系那样，法律把这些概念(公正、民主和自由)和日常实践联系在一起。比如，有关证据和事实、基本权利和公共利益这样的概念在新闻判断和新闻编写过程中就如同在法庭上一样发挥作用。经过研读并思考法律来提高判断能力是一名新闻记者应该为其事业做的一项知识准备。
但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻地理解法律，这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的既定惯例和特殊职责的理解。政治，或者广义上说，国家的职能，是新闻记者报道的一个主要方面。他们对国家的机制了解得越多，报道就越优秀。事实上，我们很难想象，对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清晰了解的记者如何能胜任政治方面的报道。
此外，法律体系及其中发生的事件是新闻记者报道的主题。虽然法律报道的质量各有不同，但是许多新闻记者都过分依赖律师提供给他们的诠释。尽管律师提供的评论和反馈可能会增加报道的深度，但记者好还是依靠自己的理解并做出自己的判断。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)
To whom it may concern,
I am writing the letter to make some suggestions for improving the service of our university library.
On the whole, I think our library functions pretty well, but its service is far from being perfect. Firstly, it is quite convenient to arrange an inquiry desk at the circulation hall, which enables the students to ask questions whenever necessary. Then, with the help of a professional librarian, students can go through the procedures more efficiently. In addition, it would be most helpful if the students have access to the latest Issues of foreign magazines. Lastly, you'd better maintain strict order at the reading room. I frequently found myself Disturbed by certain students chatting and smoking there.
It is my sincere hope that you will take my advice into consideration and I hold that it will benefit both the students and the university faculty as well.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160–200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) support your view with an example/examples.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)
谋篇分析
根据漫画不难发现，在足球场中一位球员等待射门，守门员等待接对方的射门。在射门球员头脑中有一种想法，他认为守门员体态庞大，挡住了球门，自己射门举步唯艰在守门员头脑中也有一种想法，他认为自己体态渺小，大部分球门裸露外，对方可以轻易将球射进自家大门。漫画反映的是“缺乏自信导致失败”，即该文章的主题。
根据提纲中的信息1) describe the drawing,.本文开头需要一个独立的段落，即描述漫画段。
根据提纲中的信息2) interpret its meaning本篇文章下文要体现出作者对该现象的评论，即漫画所传递的深刻含义。
根据提纲中的信息3) support your view with examples.本篇文章结尾处要体现出作者对该现象的评论，即引用具体实例阐述漫画表达的观点。
SAMPLE
How impressive the cartoon is in describing one of the most critical characteristic personalities concerning value and virtue! This cartoon depicts a picture of a football game with two players facing each other. One player is going to kick the ball while the goalkeeper is standing in front of a goal, ready to protect it. But both parties are losing their confidence. The striker magnifies the goalkeeper in his mind so that chances of shooting in are slim. Likewise, the goalkeeper minimizes his own image as if he couldn't defend the goal successfully.
Obviously, both of the players in the picture don't have enough confidence and if you have little confidence, how can you achieve your goal in life? The belief of what one can achieve and succeed often spells the difference between success and failure. On account of the fast pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals. The past few years have witnessed great increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment. Thus we must maintain powerful self-confidence and optimism in the face of challenges so as to survive and succeed.
Confidence can be shown in the performance of many people. Take Liuxiang as an example. It is because of his Self-confidence that he never shrinks in front of other experienced players and works wonders again and again. On the contrary, some athletes do well in everyday training, but when facing other people they fail to present the best of themselves for the lack of self-confidence.
As the saying goes, confidence is the first step to success! Only by building strong self-confidence can we move closer to our dreams.
文章结构分析
第一段
How impressive the cartoon is in describing one of the most critical characteristic personalities concerning…… 用来引出漫画内容，并且给人以“心领神会”之感。
This cartoon depicts a picture of…… 描述漫画内容。
第二段
Obviously, ……and if……, how can you achieve your goal in life? 用来引出主题，并且顺利的强调主题的重要。
The belief of what one can achieve and succeed often spells the difference between success and failure. On account of the fast pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals. ……Thus we must maintain powerful …… in the face of challenges so as to survive and succeed. 用来联系现实，只有将主题与现实联系到一起才能体现出主题的意义和作用。
第三段
Confidence can be shown in the performance of many people. Take Liuxiang as an example. 举例子，符合提纲要求来展开文章。
It is because of...... On the contrary, …… 展开例子，联系到主题，再次强调主题的重要性。
第四段
As the saying goes,…… 谚语将文章主题升华。
Only by building strong self-confidence can we move closer to our dreams. 利用倒装句型下结论，并把文章顺利结尾。