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文章解析：根据中心统一原则确定，
文章首段主题句是During the past generation，the American middle.class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.在上一代人中，曾经依靠勤奋工作、公平竞争保持家庭经济安全的美国中产阶级家庭由于经济风险和新的现实而发生了变化。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是In just one generation，millions of mothers have gone to work，transforming basic family economics.仅仅大约一代的时间，成百上千万的母亲出去工作，改变了基本的家庭经济模式。
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是During the same period.families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.同时，家庭在退休收入方面的风险也提高了。
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是The financial fallout has begun，and the political fallout may not be far behind.经济的不良后果已经开始显现，政治影响可能也不远了。
不难发现，这篇文章围绕着中产阶级家庭的经济风险、退休金风险和医疗保障风险问题来展开。
题目解析：
31.细节题Today’s double income families are at greater financial risk in that_____.
选项A. the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
他们过去所享受的安全网已经消失了。
B. their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
他们下岗的机会大大提高了。
C. they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
他们更易受到家庭经济变化的影响。
D. they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
他们被剥夺了失业险和残疾险。
该题利用定位词“double income families”和“financial risk”定位到文章第二段In just one generation，millions of mothers have gone to work，transforming basic family economics.Scholars，policymakers，and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect：family risk has risen as well.Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two.paycheck status.As a result，they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back.up earner(usually Morn)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.This “added worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather。bad times.But today，a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.段落第一句In just one generation，millions of mothers have gone to work，transforming basic family economics.“仅仅大约一代的时间，成百上千万的母亲出去工作，改变了基本的家庭经济模式。”说明双职工家庭的出现。随后，下面第二句Scholars，policymakers，and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications Of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect：family risk has risen as well.“各行各业的学者、政策制定者和批评家们就这些变化的社会意义展开了辩论，但是很少有人看到其副作用：家庭风险也提高了。”提到了“家庭风险”，但是该句子没有提到风险发生的原因。作为细节题，定位词所在句如果没有足够信息，继续向下找答案。下面As a result，they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback----a back-up earner(usually Morn)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.“现在的家庭预算达到了新的双薪家庭的极限。结果，他们就失去了在经济困顿时期的保护伞---作为后备力量的赚钱者(通常是妈妈)。如果家庭主要经济支柱事业了或者生病了，这个后备军可以进入劳动力市场。”选项A. the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.他们过去所享受的安全网已经消失了，与相关信息句动作“家庭预算达到新的双薪家庭的极限，失去了在经济困难时期的保护伞，妈妈作为后备力量的赚钱者在必要时可以进入劳动力市场”没有任何关联选项B. their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.他们下岗的机会大大提高了，与相关信息句动作“家庭预算达到新的双薪家庭的极限，失去了在经济困难时期的保护伞，妈妈作为后备力量的赚钱者在必要时可以进入劳动力市场”没有任何关联选项C. they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.他们更易受到家庭经济变化的影响，与相关信息句动作“家庭预算达到新的双薪家庭的极限，失去了在经济困难时期的保护伞，妈妈作为后备力量的赚钱者在必要时可以进入劳动力市场”相关联，动作“更易受到家庭经济变化的影响”对应于“失去了在经济困难时期的保护伞”，体现“同意替换”的关系选项D. they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.他们被剥夺了失业险和残疾险，与相关信息句动作“家庭预算达到新的双薪家庭的极限，失去了在经济困难时期的保护伞，妈妈作为后备力量的赚钱者在必要时可以进入劳动力市场”没有任何关联。 因此，正确答案为C. they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.他们更易受到家庭经济变化的影响。
32.细节题As a result of President Bush’s reform，retired people may have_____.
选项A. a higher sense of security.更高的安全感。
B. less secured payments.更少的有保障的收入。
C. less chance to invest.更少的投资机会。
D. a guaranteed future.有保障的未来。
该题利用定位词“President Bush’s reform”和“retired people”定位到文章第三段……For much of the past year，President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a Savings account model，with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns……“在过去的大部分时间里，布什总统致力于将社会保障推广成储蓄账户模式，让退休人员将他们的大部分或者全部有保障的退休金变成依赖于回报率的投资回报。” 选项A. a higher sense of security.更高的安全感，与相关信息句动作“致力于将社会保障推广成储蓄账户模式，让退休人员将他们的大部分或者全部有保障的退休金变成依赖于回报率的投资回报” 相悖，将退休金转变成依赖于回报率的投资无疑是一种存在风险的福利形式选项B. less secured payments.更少的有保障的收入，与相关信息句动作“致力于将社会保障推广成储蓄账户模式，让退休人员将他们的大部分或者全部有保障的退休金变成依赖于回报率的投资回报” 相符合，将退休金转变成依赖于回报率的投资无疑是一种存在风险的福利形式选项C. less chance to invest.更少的投资机会，与相关信息句动作“致力于将社会保障推广成储蓄账户模式，让退休人员将他们的大部分或者全部有保障的退休金变成依赖于回报率的投资回报” 没有任何关联选项D. a guaranteed future.有保障的未来，与相关信息句动作“致力于将社会保障推广成储蓄账户模式，让退休人员将他们的大部分或者全部有保障的退休金变成依赖于回报率的投资回报” 相悖，将退休金转变成依赖于回报率的投资无疑是一种没有保障的福利形式。因此，正确答案为B. less secured payments.更少的有保障的收入。
33.细节题According to the author, health savings plans will_____.
选项A. help reduce the cost of healthcare.有助于减少医疗卫生成本。
B. popularize among the middle class.在中产阶级中流行。
C. compensate for the reduced pensions.补偿减少了的退休金。
D. increase the families’ investment risk.增加了家庭投资的风险。
该题利用定位词“health savings plans”定位到文章第三段……Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers，with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare……“医疗的绝对支出和家庭需要承担的部分都在提高---新的时髦的健康储蓄计划从立法大厅流传到沃尔玛职员那里，减免的部分增加了，会出现一些新的大的家庭未来的医疗投资风险。” 选项A. help reduce the cost of healthcare.有助于减少医疗卫生成本，与相关信息句动作“医疗的绝对支出和家庭需要承担的部分都在提高，新的时髦的健康储蓄计划从立法大厅流传到沃尔玛职员那里，减免的部分增加了，会出现一些新的大的家庭未来的医疗投资风险”没有任何关联选项B. popularize among the middle class.在中产阶级中流行，与相关信息句动作“医疗的绝对支出和家庭需要承担的部分都在提高，新的时髦的健康储蓄计划从立法大厅流传到沃尔玛职员那里，减免的部分增加了，会出现一些新的大的家庭未来的医疗投资风险”没有任何关联选项C. compensate for the reduced pensions.补偿减少了的退休金，与相关信息句动作“医疗的绝对支出和家庭需要承担的部分都在提高，新的时髦的健康储蓄计划从立法大厅流传到沃尔玛职员那里，减免的部分增加了，会出现一些新的大的家庭未来的医疗投资风险”没有任何关联选项D. increase the families’ investment risk.增加了家庭投资的风险，与相关信息句动作“医疗的绝对支出和家庭需要承担的部分都在提高，新的时髦的健康储蓄计划从立法大厅流传到沃尔玛职员那里，减免的部分增加了，会出现一些新的大的家庭未来的医疗投资风险”相关联，动作“增加了家庭投资的风险”对应于“出现一些新的大的家庭未来的医疗投资风险”体现“同意替换”的关系。因此，正确答案为D. increase the families’ investment risk.增加了家庭投资的风险。
34.推断题It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_____.
选项A. financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
经济风险趋向于大于政治风险。
B. the middle class may face greater political challenges.
中产阶级可能面对更大的政治挑战。
C. financial problems may bring about political problems.
经济问题可能会导致政治问题。
D. financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
经济责任反映政治地位。
该题目作为推断题，要明确找到指定的最后一段的主题句。根据“主题句---细节句原则”，文章尾段From the middle class family perspective，much of this，understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.The financial fallout has begun，and the political fallout may not be far behind.段落只有段首和段尾两个句子。段落首句From the middle class family perspective，much of this，understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.“从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，可以理解，前面提到的多数情况看起来并不像是一个承担更多经济责任的机会，而更像是一个将经济风险大规模转移到他们已经不堪重负的肩膀上的加速过程。”明确是细节。 因此，段落的主题句为段尾句The financial fallout has begun，and the political fallout may not be far behind.“经济的不良后果已经开始显现，政治影响可能也不远了。”选项A. financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.经济风险趋向于大于政治风险，与相关信息句动作“经济的不良后果已经开始显现，政治影响可能也不远了”相关联，但是相关信息句中没有将二者做比较选项B. the middle class may face greater political challenges.中产阶级可能面对更大的政治挑战，与相关信息句动作“经济的不良后果已经开始显现，政治影响可能也不远了”没有任何关联选项C. financial problems may bring about political problems. 经济问题可能会导致政治问题，与相关信息句动作“经济的不良后果已经开始显现，政治影响可能也不远了”相关联，动作“经济问题可能会导致政治问题”对应于“经济的不良后果已经开始显现，政治影响可能也不远了”，体现“同意替换”的关系选项D. financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.经济责任反映政治地位，与相关信息句动作“经济的不良后果已经开始显现，政治影响可能也不远了”似乎有关联，但是相关信息句中叙述的是“政治和经济风险”而不是“政治和经济责任”。因此，正确答案为C. financial problems may bring about political problems. 经济问题可能会导致政治问题。
35.主旨题Which of the following is the best title for this text?
选项A. The Middle Class on the Alert 警惕着的中产阶级
B. The Middle Class on the Cliff 岌岌可危的中产阶级
C. The Middle Class in Conflict 冲突中的中产阶级
D. The Middle Class in Ruins 已经毁灭的中产阶级
作为主旨题要明确找到文章每个段落的主题句。第一段During the past generation，the American middle-class family …has been transformed by economic risk…“在上一代人中，曾经依靠勤奋工作、公平竞争保持家庭经济安全的美国中产阶级家庭由于经济风险和新的现实而发生了变化。”第二段In just one generation，millions of mothers have gone to work，transforming basic family economics.“仅仅大约一代的时间，成百上千万的母亲出去工作，改变了基本的家庭经济模式。”第三段During the same period.families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.“同时，家庭在退休收入方面的风险也提高了。”第四段The financial fallout has begun，and the political fallout may not be far behind.“经济的不良后果已经开始显现，政治影响可能也不远了。”因此，正确答案为B. The Middle Class on the Cliff 岌岌可危的中产阶级。
全文翻译在上一代人中，曾经仰仗勤奋工作、公平竞争保持家庭经济安全的美国中产阶级家庭由于经济风险和新的现实而发生了变化。现在一纸解雇通知书、一份病中诊断或夫妻离异都可能让一个稳定的中产家庭在几个月内变成新的贫困户。
仅仅大约一代的时间，成百上千万的母亲出去工作，改变了基本的家庭经济模式。各行各业的学者、政策制定者和批评家们就这些变化的社会意义展开辩论，但是很少有人看到其副作用：家庭风险也提高了。现在的家庭预算达到了新的双薪家庭的极限。结果，他们就失去了在经济困顿时期具有的保护伞––作为后备力量的赚钱者(通常是妈妈)。如果家庭主要经济支柱失业了或者生病了，这个后备军可以进入劳动力市场。这个“附加的劳动力效果”会对由失业保险和伤残保险组成的安全网构成支持，帮助家庭渡过难关。但现在，家庭财富的中断不能再得到弥补，过去，这种弥补经过是由一个在正常情况下赋闲在家的伴侣出去工作获得的。
同时，家庭在退休收入方面的风险也提高了。钢铁工人、航空公司职员，现在还有汽车企业员工都在担心利率，股票市场的波动以及自己会在有生之年花光退休金的严酷现实，这样的家庭有成百上千万个。在过去的大部分时间里，布什总统致力于将社会保障推广成储蓄账户模式，让退休人员将他们的大部分或全部有保障的退休金变成依赖于回报率的投资回报。对于较年轻的家庭，情况没有好转。医疗的绝对支出和家庭需要承担的部分都在提高––新的时髦的健康储蓄计划从立法大厅流传到沃尔玛职员那里，减免的部分增加了，会出现一些新的大的家庭未来的医疗投资风险。甚至人口统计学的结果也对中产阶级家庭不利，因为如果有一个年老力衰的父母亲，随之而来的照料所需要的精力和财力在一代的时间内也增加了八倍。
从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，可以理解，前面提到的多数情况看起来不像是一个承担更多经济责任的机会，而更像是一个将经济风险大规模转移到他们已经不堪重负的肩膀上的加速过程。经济的不良后果已经开始显现，政治影响可能也不远了。
Text 4
It never rains but it pours.Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles，and improved their feeble corporation governance，a new problem threatens to earn them-especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite：data insecurity.Left，until now, to odd，low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking，telecoms and air travel，information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year–from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California，Berkeley–have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset，”says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school.“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value，which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders”.Indeed，just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP)，perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices，suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment 1evel for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue，not a technical one,” he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust，that most valuable of economic assets.is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore––and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged–though not justified–by the lack of legal penalty(in America，but not Europe)for data leakage.Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone.even the victim，when data went astray.That may change fast：lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington，D.C.Meanwhile，the theft of information about some 40 million credit.card accounts in America.disclosed on June 17th.overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC)that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
36.The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce____.
A. the fierce business competition.
B. the feeble boss-board relations.
C. the threat from news reports.
D. the severity of data leakage.
37.According to Paragraph 2，some organizations check their systems to find out____.
A. whether there is any weak point.
B. what sort of data has been stolen.
C. who is responsible for the leakage.
D. how the potential spies can be located.
38.In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that____.
A. shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.
B. information protection should be given due attention.
C. businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
D. the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
39.According to Paragraph 4，what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to____.
A. see the link between trust and data protection.
B. perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
C. realize the high cost of data restoration.
D. appreciate the economic value of trust.
40.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that____.
A. data leakage is more severe in Europe.
B. FTC’s decision is essential to data security.
C. California，takes the lead in security legislation.
D. legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.
文章解析：根据中心统一原则确定，
文章首段主题句是Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles，and improved their feeble corporation governance，a new problem threatens to earn them--especially in America--the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite：data insecurity.当老板和董事们刚刚整顿好糟糕的财务和规章问题，加强了薄弱的公司机制后，新的“数据不安全”问题可能让他们特别是在美国成为报纸恶毒的头版头条，毫无疑问，这会导致执行官们走马换任。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.今年几宗大的客户和雇员数据的泄露事件让经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程，以搜索可能的安全缺陷。
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是Indeed，just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP)，perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices，suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.确实，正如有公认的财会准则一样，到了有公共安全惯例的时候了。纽约哥伦比亚大学商学院的Eli Noam提出如是建议。
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.令人费解的是这一问题似乎让老板们大吃一惊。
第五段确定段落内容方向的语句是The current state of affairs may have been encouraged–though not justified–by the lack of legal penalty(in America，but not Europe)for data leakage.现在这种状况，虽然不合理，可能会由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧(是美国缺乏法律制裁，而不是欧洲)。
不难发现，这篇文章围绕着数据信息泄露来展开。
题目解析：
36.结构题The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce_____.
选项A. the fierce business competition.激烈的商业竞争。
B. the feeble boss-board relations.淡薄的老板与董事关系。
C. the threat from news reports.来自新闻报道的威胁。
D. the severity of data leakage.数据泄露的严重性。
注意：“文章首段借用某人的话目的是什么?”这种提问方式是一种特殊题型，答案对应的相关信息句为文章的中心思想。文章第一段主题句：Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles，and improved their feeble corporation governance，a new problem threatens to earn them--especially in America--the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite：data insecurity.“当老板和董事们刚刚整顿好糟糕的财务和规章问题，加强了薄弱的公司机制后，新的“数据不安全”问题可能让他们特别是在美国成为报纸恶毒的头版头条，毫无疑问，这会导致执行官们走马换任。”文章第二段主题句Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“今年几宗大的客户和雇员数据的泄露事件让经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程，以搜索可能的安全缺陷。”第三段主题句为Indeed，just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP)，perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices，suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“确实，正如有公认的财会准则一样，到了有公共安全惯例的时候了。纽约哥伦比亚大学商学院的Eli Noam提出如是建议。”。第四段主题句为The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.“令人费解的是这一问题似乎让老板们大吃一惊”。第五段主题句为The current state of affairs may have been encouraged–though not justified–by the lack of legal penalty(in America，but not Europe)for data leakage.“现在这种状况，虽然不合理，可能会由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧(是美国缺乏法律制裁，而不是欧洲)。” 可见，这篇文章谈到数据泄露的问题。因此，正确答案为D. the severity of data leakage. 数据泄露的严重性。
37.细节题According to Paragraph 2，some organizations check their systems to find out_____.
选项A. whether there is any weak point.是否存在任何弱点。
B. what sort of data has been stolen.什么类型的数据被盗。
C. who is responsible for the leakage.谁为数据泄露负责。
D. how the potential spies can be located.怎样定位潜在的间谍。
该题利用定位词“some organizations”定位到文章第二段Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year–from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California，Berkeley–have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“今年几宗大的客户和雇员数据的泄露事件，包括时代华纳，美国国防承包商国际科学应用公司，甚至加州大学伯克利分校等差异如此之大的机构，让经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程，以搜索可能的安全缺陷。” 选项A. whether there is any weak point.是否存在任何弱点，与相关信息句动作“让经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程，以搜索可能的安全缺陷”相关联，动作“是否存在弱点”对应于“搜索可能的安全缺陷”，体现“同意替换”的关系选项B. what sort of data has been stolen.什么类型的数据被盗，与相关信息句动作“让经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程，以搜索可能的安全缺陷”没有任何关联，选项中强调“数据类型”而语句中表达“是否有安全缺陷”选项C. who is responsible for the leakage.谁为数据泄露负责，与相关信息句动作“让经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程，以搜索可能的安全缺陷”没有任何关联选项D. how the potential spies can be located.怎样定位潜在的间谍，与相关信息句动作“让经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程，以搜索可能的安全缺陷”没有任何关联。因此，答案为A. whether there is any weak point.是否存在任何弱点。
38.细节题In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that_____.
选项A. shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.
持股人的利益应当受到妥善保护。
B. information protection should be given due attention.
应当全力注意保护信息。
C. businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
商业机构应该提高计算安全级别。
D. the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
顾客数据的市场价值应该得到重视。
该题利用定位词“the concept of GASP”定位到文章第三段Indeed，just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP)，perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices，suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“确实，正如有公认的财会准则一样，到了有公共安全惯例的时候了。纽约哥伦比亚大学商学院的Eli Noam提出如是建议。” 选项A. shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to. 持股人的利益应当受到妥善保护，与相关信息句动作“正如有公认的财会准则一样，到了有公共安全惯例的时候了”没有任何关联，文章中叙述到保护数据信息不被泄露，而该选项却叙述到保护持股人的利益选项B. information protection should be given due attention.应当全力注意保护信息，与相关信息句动作“正如有公认的财会准则一样，到了有公共安全惯例的时候了”相关联，动作“注意保护信息”对应于“应该有公共安全惯例”选项C. businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.商业机构应该提高计算安全级别，与相关信息句动作“正如有公认的财会准则一样，到了有公共安全惯例的时候了”没有任何关联选项D. the market value of customer data should be emphasized.顾客数据的市场价值应该得到重视，与相关信息句动作“正如有公认的财会准则一样，到了有公共安全惯例的时候了”没有任何关联。因此，正确答案为B. information protection should be given due attention.应当全力注意保护信息。
39.细节题According to Paragraph 4，what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to_____.
选项A. see the link between trust and data protection.
看到信任和数据保护的联系。
B. perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
理解个人数据的敏感性。
C. realize the high cost of data restoration.
意识到数据储存的巨大成本。
D. appreciate the economic value of trust.
欣赏信任的经济价值。
该题利用定位词“some bosses”定位到文章第四段The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust，that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore––and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.“令人费解的是这一问题似乎让老板们大吃一惊。想必最迟钝的老板也明白，信任是最有价值的资产，它很容易被毁掉，而修复信任需要花费巨资。没有什么能比一家公司让敏感的个人数据流到别有用心的人手里更能毁掉信任了。” 选项A. see the link between trust and data protection.看到信任和数据保护的联系，与相关信息句动作“信任是最有价值的资产，它很容易被毁掉，而修复信任需要花费巨资。没有什么能比一家公司让敏感的个人数据流到别有用心的人手里更能毁掉信任了”相关联，体现“同意替换”的关系选项B. perceive the sensitivity of personal data. 理解个人数据的敏感性，与相关信息句动作“信任是最有价值的资产，它很容易被毁掉，而修复信任需要花费巨资。没有什么能比一家公司让敏感的个人数据流到别有用心的人手里更能毁掉信任了”没有关联，相关信息句中没有涉及“个人数据的敏感性”选项C. realize the high cost of data restoration.意识到数据储存的巨大成本，与相关信息句动作“信任是最有价值的资产，它很容易被毁掉，而修复信任需要花费巨资。没有什么能比一家公司让敏感的个人数据流到别有用心的人手里更能毁掉信任了”没有关联，相关信息句中没有涉及“数据存储的成本”D. appreciate the economic value of trust.欣赏信任的经济价值，与相关信息句动作“信任是最有价值的资产，它很容易被毁掉，而修复信任需要花费巨资。没有什么能比一家公司让敏感的个人数据流到别有用心的人手里更能毁掉信任了”没有关联，相关信息句中没有涉及“信任的经济价值”。因此，答案为A. see the link between trust and data protection.看到信任和数据保护的联系。
40.推断题It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that_____.
选项A. data leakage is more severe in Europe.
数据泄露在欧洲更加严重。
B. FTC’s decision is essential to data security.
FTC的决定对数据安全至关重要。
C. California takes the lead in security legislation.
加州在安全法规方面居于领先地位。
D. legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.
法律惩罚是解决数据泄露的主要方法。
该题目作为推断题，要明确找到指定的最后一段的主题句。根据“主题句---细节句原则”，文章尾段The current state of affairs may have been encouraged–though not justified–by the lack of legal penalty(in America，but not Europe)for data leakage.Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim，when data went astray.That may change fast：lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington，D.C.Meanwhile，the theft of information about some 40 million credit.card accounts in America.disclosed on June 17th， overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC)that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.段落中间没有转折词，段落尾句Meanwhile，the theft of information about some 40 million credit.card accounts in America.disclosed on June 17th， overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC)that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.“同时，6月17日公布的美国大约4千万信用卡帐户信息失窃事件让一天前美国联邦贸易委员会公布的一个重要决定黯然失色，该决定通知美国公司如果不能提供充分的数据保障，就会按章惩罚。”明确是细节。 因此，段落的主题句为段首句The current state of affairs may have been encouraged–though not justified–by the lack of legal penalty(in America，but not Europe)for data leakage.“现在这种状况，虽然不合理，可能会由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧(是美国缺乏法律制裁，而不是欧洲)。”选项A. data leakage is more severe in Europe.数据泄露在欧洲更加严重，与相关信息句动作“可能会由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧(是美国缺乏法律制裁，而不是欧洲)”似乎有关联，但是相关信息句中没有将数据泄露的严重性进行比较选项B. FTC’s decision is essential to data security.FTC的决定对数据安全至关重要，与相关信息句动作“可能会由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧(是美国缺乏法律制裁，而不是欧洲)”没有任何关联选项C. California takes the lead in security legislation. 加州在安全法规方面居于领先地位，与相关信息句动作“可能会由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧(是美国缺乏法律制裁，而不是欧洲)”没有任何关联选项D. legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.法律惩罚是解决数据泄露的主要方法，与相关信息句动作“可能会由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧(是美国缺乏法律制裁，而不是欧洲)”相关联，体现“肯定与否定替换”的关系。因此，正确答案为D. legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.法律惩罚是解决数据泄露的主要方法。
全文翻译不雨则已，一雨倾盆。当老板和董事们刚刚整顿好最糟糕的财务和规章问题，加强了薄弱的公司机制之后，新的“数据不安全”问题可能让他们特别是在美国成为报纸恶毒的头版头条，毫无疑问，这会导致执行官们走马换任。直到现在，信息保护还只是临时的，低级IT员工的工作，只是在数据量大的行业诸如银行业，电信业，航空公司受到重视，而现在却高高列在各行各业老板们的日程表上。
今年几宗大的客户和雇员数据的泄露事件，包括时代华纳，美国国防承包商国际科学应用公司，甚至加州大学伯克利分校等差异如此大的机构，让经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程，以搜索可能存在的安全缺陷。
斯坦福大学商业院的Haim Medelson说，“数据正成为一种财产，需要像保护其他财产一样保护它。保护客户数据的能力对于市场价值至关重要，而市场价值是董事会应该对股民负责的。”确实，正如有公认的财会准则(GAAP)一样，到了有公认安全惯例(GASP)的时候了。纽约哥伦比亚大学商学院的Eli Noam建议，“为数据安全，备份，恢复设立适当的投资标准是一个管理问题，不是技术问题。”
令人费解的是这一问题似乎让老板们大吃一惊。想必最迟钝的老板来也明白，信任是最有价值的经济资产，他能容易被毁掉，而修复信任需要花费巨资。没有什么能比一家公司让敏感的个人数据流到别有用心的人手里更能毁掉信任的了。
现在这种情况，虽然不合理，可能还由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧。(是美国缺乏法律制裁，而不是欧洲)。最近加州经过一项法令，在这之前，当数据泄露时，美国公司都不必告诉任何人，甚至是受害者本人。这种情况很快就会改变：许多有关数据安全的立法提案正在华盛顿特区进行讨论。同时6月17日公布的美国大约4千万信用卡帐户信息失窃事件让一天前美国联邦贸易委员会公布的一个重要决定黯然失色，该决定通知美国公司如果不能提供充分的数据安全保障，就会按章惩罚。
Part B
Directions：
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A–G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41–45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10points)
[A]Set a Good Example for Your Kids
[B]Build Your Kids’ Work Skills
[C]Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities
[D]Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis
[E]Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies
[F]Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are
[G]Build Your Kids’ Sense of Responsibility
How can a Parent Help?
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the startup adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I can “work life unreadiness”:
41
You can start this process when they are 11 or 12.Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.
42
Kids need a range of authentic role models–as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying ”I have no idea” They can change their minds 200 limes, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.
43
Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn, parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.
44
Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous bats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.
45
They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult(as naive or ill-conceived as it may seem) have while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.
41. 选择[F]【解析】第二段全段没有转折词，末句出现了Also,可见该段前后内容一致，为递进关系。末句中出现代词they和them，指代首段提到的孩子，他有什么兴趣，适合什么，因该是帮助孩子了解他们自身的优缺点，改正缺点。只有了解了自己是什么人，才知道自己适合什么。我们经过对该段中代词的把握以及对最后一个句子中提到的兴趣种类就可以判断41题选[F]。
42. 选择[D]【解析】42题考生很容易错选成[A]，这是因为首句提到role model，这与[A]中的good example一致。但是小标题的选择应该是对段落的整体把握，不是只关注部分细节内容。首句提到榜样之后，后面都没有谈到这一内容。显然该段主旨并榜样问题。后面内容中反复出现的一个关键是future，指出家长和孩子们要定期讨论对未来的设想，显然[D]为答案。
43. 选择[B]【解析】本题所在段首句为主题句，指出父母应该教给孩子怎样工作。后面具体解释如何教会孩子们工作：给孩子分配家务，鼓励十几岁的孩子做兼职等。经过这些方式让孩子学会工作的技能。[B]是对主题句的同义转述，是对后细节内容的高度概括，故为答案。
44. 选择[C]【解析】本段未出现明显的主题句，但全段都是在谈论一些娱乐性的业余生活的危害，作者提到玩电子游戏、长时间的看电视剧、长时间的用耳机听音乐等活动会妨碍重要的沟通和思考能力的发展，影响持续的注意力发展。结合首段内容可知，这里作者是向家长提建议，指出如何帮助孩子为未来的工作做好准备。虽然本段没有明确指出应该采取何种措施，由这里提到的危害可限制，这样才不会影响他某些方面能力的发展，故[C]为答案。
45. 选择[E]【解析】本段提到孩子们需要某种节能，处理各种状况。第一、二句中出现deal with, solve, resolve等词，表示孩子们需要应对、解决某些问题。由此可以推断，作者在本段中提到的是处理和应对各种情况的技能，这与[E]中的coping strategies不谋而合，故该项为答案。