外刊例句
In 1965 Ralph Nader published “Unsafe at Any Speed”, a bestselling book that exposed and excoriated the industry’s lax attitude.
1965年,拉尔夫·纳德出版了《任何速度都不安全》,这本畅销书揭示并痛斥了汽车制造业的懒散态度。
——《经济学人》
Republicans sharply criticized President Obama for what they called alax response.
共和党人称奥巴马总统应对不力,对其进行了猛烈的抨击。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[adjective] not sufficiently strict, severe, or careful
[形容词] 不够严格的、严厉的或仔细的
深入解读
第一眼看到 lax 这个单词,若不是上周在小站(微信公众号:田间小站)推送的 小词详解 | excoriate 中已经见过的话,可能会比较陌生。其实稍微再想一下,则会发现熟词 relax 可不就是由前缀 re- (重新)+词根 lax (松)构成的嘛。
把 lax 单独拎出来,这个单词源自拉丁语 laxus (宽的、宽敞的),15世纪进入英语后原指肠(bowel)“宽松的、易通便的”,其基本含义即“松弛的”,这个概念也可以用来形容生物组织、岩石、土壤等“质地松的”,比如:
那匹马用一根松弛的绳子拴在柱子上。
The horse was tethered to a post with a lax rope.
患者描述为神经紧张,易怒,皮肤干燥,面色苍白,肌肉松弛。
The patient is described as nervous, irritable, with dry skin, pale face, lax muscles.
不过发展到现在,更多的是用 lax 引申表示“松懈的、不严格的、不严厉的、马虎的”,强调缺乏必要的严格、严肃或精确,并且应受到责备,多用于形容人没有满足工作、职责等上的严格要求,或者在从事工作、开展活动时没有保持密切持续关注或遵守必要的法律、规定、习俗等,比如:
我们对管理制度作了彻底改进,但由于态度马虎,经营业绩并不比从前好。
We revamped the management system, but the business is doing no better than it was before due to lax attitudes.
这一事故在当地报纸上只有小篇幅报道。但生还者一再指控安全标准执行不严。
The accident merited only a small paragraph in the local paper. But there have been repeated allegations from survivors that safety standards had been lax.
除此之外, lax 还可以作为专业术语用在植物学上表示花簇“疏松的、散开的”,用在语音学上表示语音“松弛的、松音的”。
名著用例
I am an old man, and shamed. He should never have gotten close enough to seize you. I was lax. I did not know him without his beard and hair.
我老不中用,实在羞愧,不该让他有机会靠近您的。都是我的过失,少了胡子和头发,居然没认出他来。
出自美国作家乔治·R·R·马丁所著的史诗奇幻小说系列《冰与火之歌》(A Song of Ice and Fire)。《冰与火之歌》主要描述了在一片虚构的中世纪世界里所发生的一系列宫廷斗争、疆场厮杀、游历冒险和魔法抗衡的故事。2011年,《冰与火之歌》被美国HBO电视网改编成了电视剧《权力的游戏》(Game of Thrones)。
同近义词
slack: having or showing laziness or negligence
slipshod: (typically of a person or method of work) characterized by a lack of care, thought, or organization
negligent: failing to take proper care in doing something