2010考研英语(一)及答案解析1

2021-02-22 17:45点击次数:1387

    SectionIUseofEnglish

    Directions:

    Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

    In1924American’NationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlignting__1__workersproductivity.Instead,thestudiesended__2___givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”,theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery___3____tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.

    Theideaarosebecauseofthe__4____behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingto__5____oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot__6____whatwasdoneintheexperiment___7_sometingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)___8___thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe____9___toalterworkers’behavior____10____itself.

    Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere_11__toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore_12__thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic_13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathapped.__15___,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output__16___rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.__18__,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers__19__tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before__20__aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect“ishardtopindown.

    1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

    2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

    3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

    4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous

    5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments

    6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

    7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

    8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

    9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

    10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

    11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

    12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliarto

    13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

    14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

    15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

    16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

    17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued

    18.[A]Therefore[B]Furthermore[C]However[D]Meanwhile

    19.[A]Attempted[B]tended[C]chose[D]intenced

    20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hiting

    SectionIIReadingComprehension

    PartA

    Directions:

    Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

    Text1

    OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Notonlyhavemanynewspapersdoneawaywiththeirbook-reviewsections,butseveralmajorpapers,includingtheChicagoSun-TimesandtheMinneapolisStar-Tribune,nolongeremployfull-timeclassical-musiccritics.Eventhosepapersthatcontinuetoreviewfine-artseventsaredevotinglessspacetothem,whilethe“thinkpieces”onculturalsubjectsthatoncegracedthepagesofbig-citySundaypapersarebecomingathingofthepast.

    Itis,Isuspect,difficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcentury,includingVirgilThomson’sTheMusicalScene(1945),EdwinDenby’sLookingattheDance(1949),KennethTynan’sCurtains(1961),andHiltonKramer’sTheAgeoftheAvant-Garde(1973)consistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheireruditecontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

    WeareevenfartherremovedfromthediscursivenewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.1Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemen(fortheywereallmen)believedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”

    Why,then,arevirtuallyallofthesecriticsforgotten?NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.Howisitpossiblethatsocelebratedacriticshouldhaveslippedintonear-totalobscurity?

    21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that

    Aartscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

    BEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.

    Chigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

    Dyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

    22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWar2werecharacterizedby

    Afreethemes.

    Bcasualstyle.

    Celaboratelayout.

    Dradicalviewpoints.

    23.WhichofthefollowingwouldshawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?

    AItiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.

    BItiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

    CWritersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

    DNotallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

    24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

    AHismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

    BHisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

    CHisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

    DHiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

    25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

    ANewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

    BTheLostHorizoninNewspapers

    CMournfulDeclineofJournalism

    DProminentCriticsinMemory


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