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华慧考博英语之完型选词填空技巧
完型选词填空题要求考生从所给的若干词中选出一个最佳的选项并用正确的形式填空。它集词的用法与搭配、词语辨析、语法、单句理解、语篇理解等考查于一体，既考查考生的语言知识水平，又检测考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。而考生面对此种题型时，往往丢分现象十分严重。为此，华慧考博老师准备了一份完型选词填空拿分技巧，希望对各位考生有所帮助！解题步骤（先选项后文章）
第一步：看选项，不熟悉的词标词性和词义
选词填空题型中大部分单词考查的还是常用意思，所以解题之前需要先读一遍备选选项单词，对于单词的意思和可能的词性做到心中有数。对于不太熟悉的词义和词性的单词，需要标注出来，以节约确定答案时的思考时间。若发现选项中出现近义词，则也需要标注，最后确定答案时往往需要二选一。
第二步：仔细阅读全文的第1句(或前1-3句)，以及每段的第1句，以把握文章的中心和结构。
第三步：逐句细读文章，注意上下句之间的逻辑关系，能填则填。
对于没有空格的句子，要快速阅读，根据句子的主干结构把握句子的主要意思，关注上下句之间的逻辑关系。对于有空格的句子，要先根据空格前后的单词考虑空格处单词的词性，确定填哪种词（名词？动词？等），再根据空格前后上下文的意思确定哪个单词，填词时注意时态、语态、主谓一致、单复数、非谓语等语法问题。注意，遇到带空格的长难句，一定要先看懂句子结构，先把握句子的主要意思。
第四步：选读文章，寻找线索，完成第3步未完成的题。
第五步：速读全文，检查答案。
将所选答案直接代入文章速读，但需重点关注所填答案是否需要改变词性，并从整体上把握，重点关注行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。
为帮助考生更直观地理解解题步骤和方法，现以上海交通大学2018年的真题（回忆版）为例，进行深入讲解：
common return various complete worthwhile satisfy different particular age mean
peculiar recognize old proceed engage self-evaluation limitation increase join transition
Human life is a process. A number of psychologists have attempted to identify the particular tasks that must be accomplished at each stage of development. Successful __1__ of tasks at one stage means that the individual normally __2__ to the next stage and a few set of tasks. It is not always __3__, however, that there are new tasks for the aged as well as for those who are younger. __4__, in other words, is a new stage in the developmental process of life.
What are the developmental tasks faced by the aged? Some tasks are similar to those of other age groups, and some are __5__ to the elderly. In the nineteenth century, for instance, most men had no __6__ to retirement. Typically, a man worked until disability or death. Few people had to deal with the "empty nest" problem, since children either did not leave the family house or __7__ there to live with their elderly parents.
Today, when an __8__ number of people are living into their seventies and eighties, there are at least five developmental tasks facing the elderly. First, the aged must come to terms with the physical __9__ inherent in their stage of life. They will no longer be able to __10__ in certain activities as often or as successfully as they once could. Second, having come to terms with the limitations, the older person must redefine the scope of his or her activities. Third, the older person must find new sources for __11__ his or her needs. This may be particularly acute at the time of retirement for those who hold to the work ethic.
A fourth task is to reassess the criteria for __12__. Again, the loss of work is involved, for many Americans consider themselves worthwhile because they have a fulltime job. The question the elderly person must face is "Am I a worthwhile person because of the kind of individual I am, because of the __13__ qualities I possess, or am I __14__ only as long as I can function in some kind of job?" A man who lost his job in advertising when he was sixty-one told the author that he could not find another job in his field. He has done some freelance work, but he still mourns the loss of his job. "I loved what I did," he said, "and I resented being thrown out on the scrap heap. There are times when I think I'm just not worth anything anymore. "
Finally, the aged face the task of finding ways to give __15__ and purpose to their lives. This task arises throughout the individual's life. Many elderly people find challenges, struggles, and gratifications just as they did in their earlier years.
第一步：看选项，不熟悉的词标词性和词义
第二步：仔细阅读全文的第1句(或前1-3句)，以及每段的第1句，以把握文章的中心和结构。
文章先提出人的生命是一个过程，每个阶段都有要完成的特定任务，指出老化也是生命发展过程的一个新阶段。接着，分别介绍老年人面临的发展的任务。最后，提出老年人面临的任务是找到方法使他们的生活有意义和目的。
第三步：逐句细读文章，注意上下句之间的逻辑关系，能填则填。
第1空：根据空格前的successful 确定空格处需要填名词，且上句中提到“the particular tasks that must be accomplished at each stage of development.（发展的每个阶段必须完成的特殊任务）”，根据上下句的逻辑可以推出此处“Successful __1__ of tasks at one stage”指的是“阶段任务的成功完成”，可知空格处需要填“完成”之意，故可选completion，completion是不可数名词，故填原形completion即可。
第2空： 根据that the individual normally __2__ to the next stage and a few set of tasks 从句that中缺少谓语，确定空格处需要填动词，且该动词能和介词to搭配使用，再根据空格前后的应该是“个人能正常地进入到下一个阶段”故可选动词proceed充当谓语, 由于that从句中主语the individual为第三人称单数，故需填第三人称单数形式proceeds.
第3空：由句型 it is not always __3__, however, that…可知空格处需填形容词、或者名词或者动词的ed形式，再由however可知此处与上文意思相反，前面提到许多心理学家试图找到发展的每个阶段的任务，所以，此处意思是没有“发现或找到”老年人和年轻人一样也有新任务，故选recognize，正确形式为recognized。
第4空：由句子结构可知空格处需要填名词或动词不定式或者动名词形式作is的主语，根据in other words及上下句意思，可知填aging。
第5空：由句子结构可知空格处需要填形容词，根据上文中的some are similar to … 可知此处需填similar相对的意思，故填peculiar。
第6空：上文提到老年人的有些任务与其他年龄组的相似，而有些则是老年人特有的。根据 for instance可知此处在举例子，指的是“在19世纪，大多数人不会退休”，故填transition。
第7空：由固定搭配either … or…可知空格处需填动词，且需填过去时的形式与did not leave 构成并的谓语，再由Few people had to deal with the "empty nest" problem, since children either did not leave the family house or __7__ there to live with their elderly parents.的句意“很少会有人面对“ 守空巢”的问题, 因为他们的孩子或者不离开父母家, 或者 ______家与年迈的父母同住”可知，空格处填returned。
第8空：由an __8__ number of people 的an可知空格处需填元音开头的单词，且空格处明显修饰 a number of “许多”，故填increasing。
第9空：有空格前的physical可知空格处需填名词，且由下句They will no longer be able to __10__ in certain activities as often or as successfully as they once could.“他们已不能像年轻时候那样频繁地参加某些活动, 也不会如过去那般成功。”可知此句表示“老年人必须承认这个人生阶段所带来的身体上的限制”，再根据后文中having come to terms with the limitations可知此处填limitations。
第10空：此处考查固定搭配engage in“参加”，由be able to的动词不定式to后需用动词原形，可知空格处填engage。
第11空：由空格前介词for可知空格处填名词或者动名词，由Second, having come to terms with the limitations, the older person must redefine the scope of his or her activities. “第二, 承认身体上的局限之后, 老年人就必须重新界定自己的活动范围。”，可知此处应该是老年人必须要找到能满足自己需要的新的资源，故填satisfying。
第12空：由介词for可知此处填名词或动名词，由后文中Again, the loss of work is involved, for many Americans consider themselves worthwhile because they have a fulltime job.“同样，失去工作也牵涉其中，因为许多美国人认为自己有价值，因为他们有一份全职工作。”可知上下文讨论的是价值的问题，故此处填self-evaluation更符合上下文语境。
第13空：由qualities可知空格处需填形容词，故填various更符合上下文语境。
第14空：由前文的Am I a worthwhile person because of the kind of individual I am可知此处填worthwhile。
第15空：由give可知此处填名词或动名词做宾语，再由and可知空格处的意思与purpose类似，故填meaning。
第四步：选读文章，寻找线索，完成第3步未完成的题。
由于此篇文章经过前三步已全部选出答案，故此步可以省略。
第五步：速读全文，检查答案。
初步选择完之后,再一次地快速阅览一遍文章,检查答案是否与文章中的内容相匹配.如果出现有不正确的地方可以着重再次对照问题进行修改.
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