Text 2

For the past several years，the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn VOS Savant.Who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old;that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded.IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies，to envision paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce numerical sequences.among other similar tasks.So it is a bit confusing when Vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100) as，What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.

Clearly, intelligence encompasses more that a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified，and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?

The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.The test comes primarily in two forms：the StanfordBinet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version).Generally costing several hundred dollars. they are usually given only by psychologists，although variations of them populate bookstores and the Wide Web.Superhigh scores 1ike Vos Savant’s are no longer possible，because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers，rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.Other standardized tests，such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE)，capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life.argues Robert J.Sternberg.In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”，Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge，components also critical to problem solving and life success.Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low stress conditions，but under high stress conditions，IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test taking skill also matters，whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.

26.Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?

A. Answering philosophical questions.

B. Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.

C. Telling the differences between certain concepts.

D. Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.

27.What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?

A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.

D. Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

28.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as Vos Savant’s because____.

A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.

B. creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

C. Vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.

D. the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

29.We can conclude from the last paragraph that____.

A. test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.

B. IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.

C. testing involves a lot of guesswork.

D. traditional tests are out of date.

30.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?

A. Supportive B. Skeptical C. Impartial D. Biased

答案解析
 

文章解析：根据中心统一原则确定，

文章首段主题句是For the past several years，the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called“ Ask Marilyn”. 在过去的几年里，周日增刊Parade报纸中有一个特写专栏“向Marilyn提问”。

第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是Clearly, intelligence encompasses more that a score on a test. 显然，智力所包含的远不只是测试中的分数。

第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.虽然智商测试不像过去用的那样多了，但是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数。

第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life.argues Robert J.Sternberg.Robert J.Sternberg认为，这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素。

不难发现，这篇文章围绕着测试智商和智商数来展开。

题目解析：

26.细节题Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?

选项A. Answering philosophical questions.

回答哲学问题。

B. Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.

将纸折或剪成不同形状。

C. Telling the differences between certain concepts.

区分特定概念的差别。

D. Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.

选择与给定内容相同的字或图。

该题利用定位词“intelligence test”定位到文章第一段IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies，to envision paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce numerical sequences.among other similar tasks.“智商测试要求你完成语言和视觉类推，想象纸在折叠之后和剪裁之后的形状，推断数字顺序以及其他的一些类似的任务。” 选项A. Answering philosophical questions.回答哲学问题，与相关信息句动作“完成语言和视觉类推，想象纸在折叠之后的形状，推断数字顺序等”没有任何关联;选项B. Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.将纸折或剪成不同形状，与相关信息句动作“完成语言和视觉类推，想象纸在折叠之后的形状，推断数字顺序等”没有任何关联;选项C. Telling the differences between certain concepts.区分特定概念的差别，与相关信息句动作“完成语言和视觉类推，想象纸在折叠之后的形状，推断数字顺序等”没有任何关联;选项D. Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.选择与给定内容相同的字或图，与相关信息句动作“完成语言和视觉类推，想象纸在折叠之后的形状，推断数字顺序等”相关联，动作“择与给定内容相同的字或图”对应于“想象纸在折叠之后的形状”体现“同意替换”的关系。因此，正确答案为D. Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.选择与给定内容相同的字或图。

27.细节题What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?

选项A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

人们不再用智商值表示智力了。

B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

网上有更多版本的智商测试。

C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.

成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的。

D. Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

科学家已经定义了人类智力的重要因素。

该题利用定位词“intelligence testing”定位到文章第三段The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.The test comes primarily in two forms：the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version).Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists，although variations of them populate bookstores and the Wide Web.Superhigh scores 1ike Vos Savant’s are no longer possible，because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers，rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.Other standardized tests，such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE)，capture the main aspects of IQ tests.段落中前两句提到了定位词“intelligence testing”。第一句The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.“虽然智商测试不像过去用的那样多了，但是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数。” 选项A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.人们不再用智商值表示智力了，与该句的动作“虽然智商测试不像过去用的那样多了，但是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数”没有任何关联;选项B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.网上有更多版本的智商测试，与该句的动作“虽然智商测试不像过去用的那样多了，但是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数”没有任何关联;选项C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的，与该句的动作“虽然智商测试不像过去用的那样多了，但是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数”没有任何关联;选项D. Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.科学家已经定义了人类智力的重要因素，与该句的动作“虽然智商测试不像过去用的那样多了，但是对人类智力定义的仍然是智商数”似乎有关联，但是句子叙述到“定义智商的是智商数”，而该选项叙述到“定义人类智力的重要因素”，显然完全没有联系。该句与四个选项没有直接关系作为细节题向下继续判断相关信息句。第二句The test comes primarily in two forms：the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version).“测试主要有两种形式：一种是Stanford Binet智力量表，一种是Wechsler智力量表(两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本)。” 选项A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.人们不再用智商值表示智力了，与相关信息句动作“测试主要有两种形式，一种是Stanford Binet智力量表，一种是Wechsler智力量表(两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本)”没有任何关联;选项B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.网上有更多版本的智商测试，与相关信息句动作“测试主要有两种形式，一种是Stanford Binet智力量表，一种是Wechsler智力量表(两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本)”没有任何关联;选项C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的，与相关信息句动作“测试主要有两种形式，一种是Stanford Binet智力量表，一种是Wechsler智力量表(两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本)”相关联，动作“成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的”对应于“两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本”;选项D. Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.科学家已经定义了人类智力的重要因素与相关信息句动作“测试主要有两种形式，一种是Stanford Binet智力量表，一种是Wechsler智力量表(两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本)”没有任何关联。因此，正确答案为C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.成人和儿童的测试内容和公式可能是不同的。

28.细节题People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as Vos Savant’s because_____.

选项A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.

分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的。

B. creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

强调的是创造力而不是分析能力。

C. Vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.

Vos Savant的案例是个极端的案例而且不会重复。

D. the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

智商测试的特色已经发生了变化。

该题利用定位词“IQ scores as high as Vos Savant’s”定位到文章第三段Super high scores 1ike Vos Savant’s are no longer possible，because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers，rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.“像vos Savant那样的超高分数不可能再出现了，这是因为现在的计分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的，而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以100得出的数值。” 选项A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的，与相关信息句动作“现在的计分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的，而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以100得出的数值”相关联，动作“分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的”对应于“现在的计分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的”，体现“同意替换”的关系;选项B. creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.强调的是创造力而不是分析能力，与相关信息句动作“现在的计分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的，而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以100得出的数值”没有任何关联;选项C. Vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.Vos Savant的案例是个极端的案例而且不会重复，与相关信息句动作“现在的计分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的，而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以100得出的数值”没有任何关联;选项D. the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.智商测试的特色已经发生了变化，与相关信息句动作“现在的计分是建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础之上的，而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以100得出的数值”没有任何关联。因此，正确答案为A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.分数值是通过不同的计算程序获得的。

29.推断题We can conclude from the last paragraph that_____.

选项A. test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.

测试值不能可靠的反映一个人的能力。

B. IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.

智商值和SAT的结果是紧密关联的。

C. testing involves a lot of guesswork.

测试包括许多猜测。

D. traditional tests are out of date.

传统测试已经过时了。

该题目作为推断题，要明确找到指定的最后一段的主题句。根据“主题句---细节句原则”，文章尾段 Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life.argues Robert J.Sternberg.In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”，Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge，components also critical to problem solving and life success.Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low stress conditions，but under high stress conditions，IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test taking skill also matters，whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.段落中间没有转折词，段落尾句Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test taking skill also matters，whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.“任何一个考过SAT的人都可以证实，考试技巧也是有关系的，要知道何时猜测，要跳过什么问题。”明确是细节。 因此，段落的主题句为段首句Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life.argues Robert J.Sternberg.“Robert J.Sternberg认为，这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素。” 选项A. test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.测试值不能可靠的反映一个人的能力，与相关信息句动作“这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”相关联，动作“测试值不能可靠的反映一个人的能力”对应于“不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”，体现“同意替换”的关系;选项B. IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.智商值和SAT的结果是紧密关联的，与相关信息句动作“这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”没有任何关联;选项C. testing involves a lot of guesswork.测试包括许多猜测，与相关信息句动作“这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”没有任何关联;选项D. traditional tests are out of date.传统测试已经过时了，与相关信息句动作“这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素”没有任何关联。 因此，正确答案为A. test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.测试值不能可靠的反映一个人的能力。

30.主旨题What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?

选项A. Supportive支持的 B. Skeptical 怀疑的

C. Impartial 不偏不倚的 D. Biased 偏见的

该题作为主旨题表示作者观点态度的题目，要明确找到文章尾段的主题句或者倒数第二段的主题句。文章尾段主题句为Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life.argues Robert J.Sternberg.“Robert J.Sternberg认为，这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素。”可见，作者的态度是不确定的， 因此，正确答案为B. Skeptical 怀疑的。

全文翻译在过去的几年里，周日增刊Parade报纸有一个名为“向玛里琳提问”的特写专栏。人们被邀请向Marilyn vos Aavant提问，她在10岁时就参加了大约23岁人的智力测试，得出智商为228，那是有记录以来的最高分。智商测试让你完成语言和视觉类推，想象纸在折叠之后和剪裁之后的样子，推论数字顺序以及其他一些类似的任务。因此当Savant即时回复来自普通人的一些问题时有点儿令人困惑，这些问题诸如：爱和喜欢之间的区别是什么?运气和巧合的本质是什么?而那种想象物体和计算数字模式的能力如何让人能够回答连一些最好的诗人和哲学家都避之惟恐不及的问题，这还不够明朗。

显然，智力所包含的远不只是测试中的分数。那么聪明意味着什么呢?智力中有多大比例能够详细进行解释呢?我们又能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其他领域对智力了解多少呢?

虽然智商测试不像过去用的那样多了，对人类智力进行定义的仍然是智商数。测试主要采用两种形式：一种是斯坦福—比奈智力量表，一种是温切斯勒智力量表(两个量表均有成人和儿童两个版本)。尽管这两种测试的改编版在书店和互联网上占有一席之地，它们通常只由心理学家进行测试，花费为几百美元。像vos Savant那样的超高分数不再可能出现，这是因为现在的计分建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数学的基础上，而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以胜利年龄再乘以100。其他一些标准化考试，如SAT和GRE，借鉴了智商测试的主要方面。

Robert J .Sternberg认为，这些标准化考试可能不会评估对在学校和生活中取得成功必要的所有重要因素。在他的“智商测试有多明智”一文中，Sternberg指出传统的考试很好地评价了分析和语言能力，而没有评估创造力和实践知识，而后者对解决问题和在生活中取得成功至关重要。此外，一旦人口或环境发生改变，智商测试就测得不准确了。研究表明当智商测试在压力小的环境下进行时，它能预测领导能力。当智商测试在压力大的环境下进行时，智商与领导力负相关，即它预测的内容正好相反。任何一个考过SAT的人都可以证实，考试技巧也是有关系的，要知道何时猜测，要跳过什么问题。