Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefullyand then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should bewritten clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on econom ic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.

When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46)Scientists ju mped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.

It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn nearer the point of adm itting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists som ewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argumentthat predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exte rminate the m f or the sake of a benefit, real or fancied, to itself.

Some species of tree have been“read out of the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.(49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constit uent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.

To sum up: a systemof conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore , and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.

       46. Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

　　解析： 句子的主干是 “scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence” ，后接 that 引导的同位语从句。 If 引导的条件状语从句修饰 that 从句。 to the effect that 大意是，意思是 ; fail to 未能； jump to 立即，赶快 the rescue 营救 , 援救，解救。

　　参考译文：科学家们立即拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。

　　47. but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

　　解析：句子主干 we have drawn near the point 。介词短语 of admitting that... 作定语修饰 point 。其中嵌套了 that 从句作 admit 的宾语从句。 regardless of... 作让步状语。 a matter of ..... 的问题，大约； draw near 接近，靠近； intrinsic right 天生的权利，固有的权利； economic advantage 经济利益，经济优势。

　　参考译文：但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：不管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益，生存都是它们的固有权利。

　　48. Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species.

　　解析：主干 time was when... 。 when 引导了表语从句。 Time was when 可看作固定短语，译为“ 从前，曾经” 。注意两个并列同位语从句的翻译。

　　参考译文：曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物通过捕食弱小的动物去维持生物链的正常运行，或它们只是去捕食 “ 没有价值的物种 ” 。

　　49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.

　　解析： 句子的主体是 “the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community” ，包含被动语态。句子开头是一个 where 引导的定语从句， to be preserved 是修饰 noncommercial tree species 的成分。 Within reason 合情合理的，理智的。注意被动语态的处理。

　　参考译文：欧洲的林业从生态上讲较为先进，它把没有成为商业化对象的树种视为原始森林群落的成员而适当地加以保护。

　　50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

　　解析：句子主干“ It tends to ignore many elements ” ; 两个 that 从句意思上转折，句法上为并列的定语从句，修饰 the land community 。注意插入语、定语从句以及代词指代的处理。

　　参考译文： 这一体系容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。