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华慧考博英语:代词在阅读理解题中的解题策略
考博阅读理解侧重于考察句子间、段落间逻辑关系。其中逻辑连接词、代词等常用的衔接手段。因此，我们在考博英语阅读过程中遇到了代词一定要记得将代词所指代的内容还原，这样才能清晰了解句子间的逻辑关系。下面华慧考博老师通过考博真题来分析一下如何利用代词来解答考博阅读理解题。例一：
Visibility and credibility in the scientific world require publishing in journals that are included in global indexing databases such as those of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Most scientists in developing countries remain at the periphery of this critical communication process, exacerbating the low international recognition and impact of their accomplishments.
87. According to the author, the low international recognition and the impact of scientists of developing countries are attributed to ______.
A. their reluctance to publish the ISI journals
B. their low involvement in international science activities
C. their limited publications in global indexing database
D. their poor understanding of the current scientific practices
答题思路分析：这道题横线前are attributed to是“归因于”的意思。也是问题干的结果是因为下列哪个原因导致的。我们根据题干关键词定位到原文Most scientists in developing countries remain at the periphery of this critical communication process, exacerbating the low international recognition and impact of their accomplishments.很快可知Most scientists in developing countries remain at the periphery of this critical communication process便是答案。但是这个定位句里面有个代词this，这又启示我们往前一句看Visibility and credibility in the scientific world require publishing in journals that are included in global indexing databases such as those of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)。可知前一句话强调科学界的可信度和可见度需要在被收录在诸如ISI这种全球索引数据库期刊上发表文章。然后我们需要将this还原翻译Most scientists in developing countries remain at the periphery of this critical communication process,发展中国家的科学家处于this（在全球索引数据库期刊上发表文章）的边缘地区，因此正确答案选C：发展中国家的科学家在全球索引数据库上有限的出版文章。
例二：
A third factor is the rewards of dissonance; high rewards accompanying high dissonance tend to reduce the tension inherent in the dissonance because they allow us to easily rationalize it.
45. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?
A. High rewards decrease people’s desire to reduce the dissonance.
B. High rewards prompt people to reduce the dissonance.
C. If people believe that the dissonance is due to something they can control, the
dissonance can be avoided.
D. People are likely to get higher rewards, if they can rationalize their behavior.
答题思路分析：定位句中有代词they和it，通过分析they应该指high rewards；it应该指dissonance。然后我们将代词还原后，句意可理解为：第三个因素是认知失调的奖励；伴随着高度认知失调的高奖励倾向于减少认知失调中固有的紧张感，因为they（高奖励）让我们能够轻松地合理化it（认知失调）。可知A选项“高回报降低人去减少不一致的欲望”是同义替换。
例三：
The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body's effect on an electromagnetic field."Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own," says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. "The smart thing is that we've put them in one machine.
2. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that ______
A. it performs a dual function
B. it is of great accuracy in measurement
C. it has significant implications in clinical practice
D. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy
答题思路分析：根据题干可知定位到"The smart thing is that we've put them in one machine. 这句话中的them提示我们往前看"Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own。通过分析可知them指代the two measurements。因此正确答案选A：该设备有双重功能。
例四：
Almost five thousand years ago, there were pilgrims walking to the Celestial City, as these two honest persons are; and Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion, with their companions, perceiving by the path that the pilgrims made, that their way to the city lay through this town of Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair; a fair wherein should be sold all sorts of vanity, and that it should last all the year long. Therefore at this fair are all such things sold, as houses, lands, trades, places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms, lusts, pleasures, and delights of all sorts, as wives, husbands, children, masters, servants, lives, blood, bodies, souls, silver, gold, pearls, precious stones, and what not.
57. The word “they” in Line 3, Paragraph 3 refers to______.
A. Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion
B. these two honest persons
C. the companions of the these two honest persons
D. pilgrims
答题思路分析：这里直接问they指代的内容，我们必须往前看其逻辑关系，根据本段第一句“…Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion, with their companions, perceiving by the path that the pilgrims made, that their way to the city lay through this town of Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair; a fair wherein should be sold all sorts of vanity, and that it should last all the year long.恶魔亚玻伦、魔鬼比埃兹巴伯及其众人，研究了朝圣者前往天国的道路之后发现，朝圣者在去天国的途中，必须要取道浮华镇，于是他们谋划在这里建立一个集市，在这个集市上出卖各种浮华的东西，并且常年开放”知A项“恶魔亚玻伦、魔鬼比埃兹巴伯及其众人”正确；B项“两个忠实的人”；C项“两个忠实者的同伴”；D项“朝圣者”。
小结：在看阅读文章和翻译时，要注意将代词所指代的内容及时还原，才能明白前后所指代的逻辑关系。这样就能推出句子要表达的具体内容。
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