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医学考博英语阅读理解的出题特点简析
医学考博英语阅读的分值比重大，占整套试卷的30%，这部分的得分制约着总体得分。而相对于听力和写作题型，阅读理解是短期内容易提高并可以拿高分的题型。想要提高阅读理解做题正确率并拿高分，就需要了解医学阅读理解的特点。首先，就阅读的文章而言，其自身的特点是话题偏重医学科普方面的议论文和说明文，文章长度适中。而在题目设置方面，医学阅读也是有着一定的特点。下面华慧考博老师通过一篇真题的分析总结一些出题特点和应对思路供参考。The American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half.
First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the more cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long tail of cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.
Pfizer announced that one such drug it's pushing into late-stage testing is targeted for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug in initial tests, and nine out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing drugs toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent?
Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say, a 100 percent response to a cancer drug (or in this case, a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would've been tried if two competing companies hadn't sat down and put their heads together.
Are there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by walls of competitive interest and proprietary information? Who's to say, but it seems like with the vast amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the odds are pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology's favorite four-letter word: cure.
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Competition and Cooperation
B. Two Competing Pharmaceutical Companies
C. The Promising Future of Pharmaceuticals
D. Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug
2. In cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals now______.
A. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach
B. are moving towards individualized and targeted treatments
C. are investing the lion's shares of their money
D. care only about their profits
3. From the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer that______.
A. the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaboration
B. it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishment
C. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the research
D. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy
4. From the last paragraph, it can be inferred that the answer to the question______.
A. is nowhere to be found
B. can drive one crazy
C. can be multiple
D. is conditional
5. The tone of the author of this passage seems to be______.
A. neutral B. critical C. negative D. optimistic
以上是考博医学英语2015年的第一篇阅读理解题，也可以说是阅读理解的一篇典型。通过对这篇阅读理解以及多篇文章做题过程的分析，总结以下几方面：
一、出题基本上是题文同序，即题目的顺序和文章的先后顺序大体一致，主旨大意题除外。具体如下：
1.D 主旨大意题。结合全文行文思路得出。
2.B 细节事实题。对应第二自然段。
3.A 推理判断题。对应第四自然段。
4.D 推理判断题。对应第五自然段。
5.D 观点态度题。对应第五自然段。
因此考生们要注意，不要机械地认为第一段一定对应第一题，更不要认为一段对应一题。本文的考题，具体对应了第二、四和五个段落都直接出了考题，其中第一段和第三段没有直接考查具体的问题，但是不代表不要读，不然文章的主旨题就难以做出来。
二、解题前，重视文章的行文思路，也就说需要了解文章各段落的大意，从而把握文章主旨大意，这样方便快速定位，主旨题也是水到渠成。本文的思路如下：
第一段提出话题---百分百有效的治疗研究（one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half）；
第二段指出药物研究方向转向（moving away from ...and embracing....drugs that ...）；
第三段介绍一种药物接近百分百有效（one such drug; 90%）；
第四段重点说一种百分百有效药物的研制成功；（100%）
第五段讲作者对抗癌药物的前景看法：乐观（more potentially effective drug combos ; cure）。
当然，有的文章比较散，可能有十多个段落，那就存在几个段落围绕一个主要内容展开，可以将几个段落归在一起。
三、解题时，即使是细节理解，即使定位是某段的某一句话，也要注重对段落中心意思的把握来理解句意，即上面第二点的内容；判断推理更是要结合文章主旨和段落大意进行分析；主旨题，即第1题，不容易把握，必须联系整篇文章的构思和上下文连贯进行取舍，不能太大也不能太细。
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